Internal-combustion engine.



A. E. OSBORN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED MAR. 21, 1910.

Patented Feb. 28, 1911.

3 SHEETSSHEET 1.

i" V//// W A. E. OSBORN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE.

' APPLICATION FILED MAR. 21. 1910.

985,198. Patented Feb. 28,1911.

3 SHEETSSHEET mm IIII v i Il a A. E. OSBORN.

INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE, AYPLIOATION 'PIL D MAR. 2 1, 1910.

Patented Feb. 28, 1911.

v T i 1 WITNESSES: INVENTOR main valve to connect the combustion engine provided with ALDEN E. OSBORN, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINE.

Specification of Letters Patent.

Application filed March 21, 1910. Serial No. 550,709.

Patented Feb. 28, 1911.

To all whom it may concern:

lie it known that l, ALDEN F. Osnonn, a citizen ot the United States of America, and a resident ofNew York, county and State of New York, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Internal-Comluistion .lhigines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompanying drawings, forming a part thereof' i My invention relates toimprovements in internal combustion engines, and particularly to in'iprovemcnts in valve mechanism therefor.

In two co-pending applications serially numbered 505,860 and 548,748, and filed r spectively (in the 3rd day of July, 1909, and the 11th day of March, 1910, l have shown, described, and claimed certain forms of valve mechanism in which a distributing passage is controlled upon one side by a same Wlthllllt} working; cylinder, and upon the other side by a distributing valve to connect the same alternately with inlet and exhaust chambers.

in my present;invention I employs valverhamber having separate passages connectin;; respectively with the inlet and exhaust chambers, a main valve for ctmtrollihg one end 01'? both of these passages, and a sec ondary valve for controlling the opposite end of one of them. The secondary valve may be employed in connection with either the inlet or the exhaust passage, as will presently be shown, the other passage being co'nstantly open. to the chamber with which it v connectsexcept as it is controlled at its other end by means of the main valve.

I Theobjectof my invention is to provide a. simple and efficient form of positively opcrated valve mechanism for internal'con'ibastion engines .in lieu of the commonly el'nployed springplosed and cam-opened puppet valves'. r p 4 In order that my invention may be thoroughly understood, 1 will now proceed to describe certain en'ibodiments thereof, ha ving-reference to the accompanying drawings illustrating the same, and Will then pointoutthe novel features in claims.

[n the drawings: Figure l is a central vertical section through an view in internal a valve mechanism con tructcal in accordance with my invention. Fig. 2 is a similar view of an engine provided with a valve mechanism of somewhat dill'crcnl turn) but constituting another embodiment of my invention. hip H is a similar view of an engine having a valve mechanism ot'vstill further modified construction but likewise constituting an embodiment of myinvention.

I will relfer first of all to the construction shown in Fig. l. and which iii-general 'l'orm similar to the type of valve mechanism disclosed in the co pemlingapplication Serial Number 505,860, filedJu'ly 3, 1909, above referred to. The engine con'iprises the usual working cylinder 10, working piston 11 therein, crank shaft 12, connecting rod 13 connecting the said piston with the said crank shaft, crank casing 14 inelosing the said connecting rod and crank shaft, and valve operating shaft 15 connected by gearing 16 with the said crank shaft 12 and arranged to rotate once for every two revolutions of the shaft. 12-. Located in prox-.

imity to the cylinder 1() is a valve. casing in eluding a. tubular member 17 within which i is mounted a reciprocating piston 'valve 18. Sin-rounding the tubular member is an inlet chamber 19 andan exhaustchamber :20, the former being in communication with the interior of the valve chamber through a passage 21 in the Walls thereof, and the latter in similar communication throughanother passage '22 therein. The piston valve 18 is arranged to override the inner end of the two passages 21 and 22 and hence'controls the same and their counectiom'with the engine cylinder 10, the valve chamber communicating with the said Working cylinder through a cross-over passage 23. The said main valve 18 is operated by meansof an eccentric crank pin24 upon the valve operating shai't 15, the same being connected therewiththrough a suitable connecting element- ..5 in engagement with the eccentric crank pin 24- and pivotally connected with a tubular cross head 26 secured to a rod 27 which is'in turn connected at. its opposite end with the valve 18. The throw of the eccentric pin 2st is sufficient to cause. the valve in to uncover and cover both of the passages 21 and 22 in the operation of the engine, the exhaust passage 22 being first uncovered in the thm'nward n'uwement of the valve 18. and thereatte the inlet passage 21. The center of the valve operating shatt 15 is preferably offset with respect to a. line in the path of movement of the axis of the pivotal connee tlon between the connecting element 25 and the cross head '26, whereby the' angular movement of the valve operatlng shaft when moving the vztlve 111 one LlI-IGCUOII Wlll be greater than when moving itin the other.

When the parts are rotntin in the direction indicatedby theerrow in lig.,1, the angu- 1211 movement of the, sheft lfiwill be greater When moving thevalve 18 dovvnw-ardthen when niovin it upwardywhereby the valve 5 will move ownwerd slower than it will move upwardh w g Surrounding the tubular valve casing member 17 et thc upper end thereof and within the e'xheustfchnmber. 20,,is an annuler valve2 8 Y (hereinafter referred to us the,

secondary or ertheustvulve). f This valve is arranged to control the end 'of-the passage where 11h, connnunicates. With the exhaust chamber 20. Thesaid valve is connected through one orinorerods 29 w th anoperat: 1

ing head 30, theisaid opereting head being arranged to surroundthe-main valve rod '27. Then the'mnih valve 18descends it will,

near the lim of its "downward movement, 1

reach and engage the heed30, and thereafter upon the completion, of its downward move ment it will movethe said head downward with it currying with it the exhaust valve 28, whereby the said valve will-be caused to close ,the eizhaust. passzigcfl-2..-.After the main valve has completed its ,(lownward movement it.will; move upward freelyuntil it approaches thelimitot' its upward move-- ment At this pointjthe headiltl will he e115 gagged by ucollnr 31 with which the valve rod 27 is, provi(led,whereby in the connihn;

tion otthe upward movement otthc said main valve the exhaust valve, will ,becnrried. upward with it to' ugeinopen the exllttllStIlflS 195522, the valve beinglinelly returned tothe inFig.1.w it t l it Froi'n the ttorcgoing the operation otthe engine will he rend" understood. 'With positionin which. it is shown the pan-ts in the posit Ullulll whichllwy are shown, n it compressed cliergc isvcontzlincd within theuppcr inl ol the working cylin dcr 1t) mid thecrosso vcr passage 33, and

ignition thereof ,being eil'cctcd through" the spark plug, the piston will commence-to move do'wlnvzlrd in a, working stroke.- The crank shalt It"), wiltrotute in Lille direction of: the arrow, while the valve operating shaft Willrotntc therewith ntlmlt the speed thereof in the opposite direction. As the piston 11 moves downward the n1ui1nvulvc' 18 will move dou'lnvnrd until near the lower end of the working stroke, and after the gases in the cylinder 10 have expended the grcutcr portion of theirenergy the valvelS, will;

commence to uncover the passage 22 where by to permit the spent gases to exhaust.

During the next upward movement of,

the main piston the valve 18 will cont nue its downward movement until, near the extremity thereof and about the extremity otthe upward movement of the piston 11,. the exhaust valve 28-w1ll be moved down- 1 Ward to close the exha-ustpassage- 22fttnd the inlet passage 21 will be uncovered. -As'the main piston moves downward inits next stroke, a fresh, charge, will be drawn in through the inlet passage 21 until as! the main piston nears the lower extremity of such stroke and e fult charge has been introduced into'thecylinder, the valve 18 will close the passage 21' in its return stroke, while in the return stroke of the mainpiston '11 to compress-the charge the va-lve'lS will be somewhat rapidlymoved upward ,to

complete its return stroke, during the letter p portion of which the said valve 18 will close y the nner endof the exhaust passage 2 8 while :it the same time moving the exhaustvalve 28 upward to open the outer end therei of so that the parts will be in'positionto permit free escape of the spent gases through; the exhaust passage 22 when the valve 18 next IHOVQS dOWIfiVEtId to uncover the inner end thereofn The main piston 11' and the main valve 18'reach the upper end of their strokes at about the same time, and at this point a cycle ofoperution of the engine will have been completed, and the ignition of the gases compressed by the lust upward move i ment of the main piston taking place" a new" cycle of operation will commence.

,In Flg. 2 I have shown a form' of engine similar to that shown in the secondsaid-cooendin e lication above referred fto,

namely, application Serial Number 548,748

filed, March 11, 1910. In this form of engine the main valve chamber isarrunged as an extension of the upperendof the Working cylinder 10 instead of being arranged along? side thereofas in Fig. 1,":1nd the mainand secondary valves are each operatedfbv inde- 101 the secondary valve being" operated directly pendent eccentrics or crank pins instead ofby the main valve at theextremityof its uriovenients in either directioni InFigI 2 a tubular valve casing" member 33fcorre3 v ncctcd with the main cylinder 10 by a responding tb the member 17 of'l ig. 1, is con ducing i'lcck Shiite main valve 118 therein being; thus in line, with the plston 11. The

necting means 35 withu hcnd 36 secured at the upper end of a tubular slide 37 mounted to reciprocate in a. tubular guideway 38 semum valve is connected by suitable eon-,1

cured to, or formed as a. part of, the engine! with an extension 42 rigidly secured to a second tubular slide 43 mounted within the first said tubular slide 37. the said tubular slide r?) having a head 44- at the upper endthereott' which connected by suitable rods or similar connecting elements l5 with the secondary or exhaust valve 46. the said valve corresponding to the alive 2% of the construction shown in Fig. l. .-\s a matter of convenience in this construction the exhaust chamber 47 is located beneath the inlet chamber 48, the exhaust passage 49 through the tubular valve casing member 33-3 being correspondingly arranged belowthe inlet passage The foregoing is for the reason that the lower end of the valve easing inthis instance connects with the working cylinder .10 instead of the upper end as in the construction in Fig. l. The axial center of the shaft if) is so disposed with respect. to the parts reciprocated by the eccentrics thereon. and the. eccentrics are so disposed upon the shaft with respect to each other and are arranged to have such a throw. as to properly move the main and secondary valves to bring about the proper eentrol ot' the mssages.

' respect In general. the pivotal connections between the eccentric connecting elements and the slides are located out ol line with each other and upon'tmposite sides of aplane con aining the axis of the shalt t the paths o'l movement of the said pivdtal connections being parallel with' the said planes. By this means each of the said valves is moved faster in one direction than in the other. the taster movement of one valve being in an opposite direction to that ot tlnaother. .Tho eccentric 40 is. furthermore, arranged upon the shaft 1 'angularly somewhatt in advance of the eccentric ih). and the throw ot-the eccentric '39 is considerably greater than that ot the eccentric -lt).. lugeneral, the foregoing results in tlrcft'olliownn Yopieration ot the valves with to? the -=movemenl ol the working pistvonf. \tith the parts in the position sl lotvlljt liedwOt'ltillg piston is about to commenceworking strolt'e.- As the. main tiwisto'nmoves downward in its \Y ll'k ing stroke :the .v:i;l \e lS will move slowy upward until as the piston reaches a poin near t'he completion of it'sIdowi-i ward moveQ meat the in'ner end of tli said passage 49 will be uinzove'red. .by the llYO 1:8 and the spent gaseswillcontinence toexhaust. "This exhausting will ct'intinue a the piston moves upward upon its rcturn stroke, until, as it reaches the upperend of itsstroke, the secondary valvestti will close the outer end of the exhaust passage 49 to close the cylinder to exlnmst. In the meantime the valve 18 will have moved upward so that. as the piston 11 again commences its downward stroke the inlet passagelfi will be opened by the valve 18 to permit 1 fresh charge to be will continue while the piston 11 moves downward. the valve 18 in the meantime moving to its upper extremity and then commencing to move downward until as the piston ll reaches the extremity of its downward movement the valve 18 will have moved downward to a position to just close the passage 50. 'lhereatter. as the piston ll rises to compress the fresh charge. the valve In will move downward to close the inner end of the passage 49. and just as the inner end'ot' the said passage is closed the valve to will begin to open so that when the piston ll reaches the upper extremity of its compression stroke the valve to will have moved downward to fully open the outer end of the passatge it). ready for the next time the main valve 18 moves upward to uncover theinner now completed and the parts are now back in their l'ormcr positions in which they are shown in Fig. :2. ready for another working stroke. f

In both the constructions above described, it will be seen that I provide two passages both of which are controlled at their inner end. and one of which is-controlled at its outer end. Thus. one of the said passages is controlled by two valves and itisnecessary that both of th said'valves be moved to gases iuay passtherethrtatgh, while in the case of the other passage the uncovering thereolbv one valve isall that is necessary to completely control it. in the broad aspect of my invention it is immaterial whether the passage controlled by the two valves be; the; exhaust passage. orithc inlet passage and while I have shown theexlnvust passage as so controlled in the two examples -ot-my in another t'orm in Fig. 3, in which the inlet passage is'tlms included.

in general. the construction of Fig. 3 is similar to thatof Fig. in that. the casing member isiormed in line with, andas an tension of, the maincyliinler 1 0, butthe inlet chamber .51 located beneath the ex- -'-haust);'chamber 525 andfsimilarly', the inlet [passage-"53. is locatjed beneath the exhaust. assage' 54.; l\ltoreoy 8r; thesecondary valve is arra igod in the inlet chamber 51, being 'disposedfiin la lwsiti'on to control. the outer endof the inletfpassagc 53, The main valve 18 is conn e ctcdlthrough a head 36 and tubular sli dcT37 with a tubular cross-head at} which is in turn connected by a suitable connecting elementv 57 with the eccentric 37 upon the valve operatingshaft 15, while the secondary valve is connected through the rods 45, head 44, tubular slide 4 3, extension 42, and connecting element 41 with the eccentric 4O. In this case in order to obtain the proper relationship of movementof the parts end thereof. The cycle of the operation is position to uncover the :)assage in order that l vention so far described, I have illustrated drawn into the cylinder therethrough. This head 56is connected, isybelovv the shaft inste afclof aboveiit as in the structure of Fig. 12; and the eccentric; isarranged upontho shaft angularlyflin advance ofthe eccentric 40' instead of angularlv in; the]: rear thereof as'infthe structure of Fhig, g n-Se pre e to I give [a somewhat proportionately longer ain valve 18, but the] various throw to thc in positions of the parts with respect toeach other and thes "proportionate xnoveinents given to 'the valvesj m y, df l r s; be va i to suit diiferent coridit'ionsl, "In this con? st'ruction the main valve will move upward to first uncover the inlet port and then the exhaust, but While the inlet port is uncov red and prior to the re cove ringf of the exhaust ,port, the 'secondary vvalve vvill keep the outer end ofth' inlet passage. 53 closed.

Thereafterfat the time of the mvementof the" iston' 11' to draw fresh whic 'jvlv'ill' be after the valve'18 has moved do ar to v r, hev P s age bu befor it has reached the assa e 53, thevalve 55vvill be lifted to uncoverthe outer end of, the said passagewhereby to'perinit a fresh charge to pass" therethrough, Then during the. comf pressionfstroke the main valve will continuev to movedownv'v'ard and the secondarvvalve will return to e'l positioii inf which it is shovvnin .Fig'. 3 to close the outer end of the said passage so thatwheathe valve 18 rises" to again uncover the exhaust passage'fit, the

inlet passage; will be maintained in a closed condition bythesaid in ebvalve 55 What I'c'lairnfis': In an internal combustion e l combination: vvlth a valve casingliaving sepof b o'ththe said passages andfin ai'ateK inlet Land exhaust passages-there through'farranged' the one in advance of the o1her,of a valve "arranged to control one end its movenen't to over-ride them successively, and a a secondaryvalve'f0rcontrolling the other secondary valve .ing for controlling the for controlling the 1 other end of one off the said'passages.

combination ivith a valve'casing'havingFsep, asses the e-=1 I 1n" adttanc'e of arate I inlet andflexhaiist through arranged; e? on I the other, of a valve arranged ,to' control olne end of"'botli"the is'aid' 'passage a; movement over-ride them successively, and

end of the said ,eXhaus 3. In an nternal combination-"With a having separate inlet and' exhaust lpassagcs through the walls thereof, of a main valve arranged Withnnth'e'said "vnvefeasing to control the inner 'end of of the said passages, anda tubu'lansecondary valve arranged around 1 the said tubular I valve -casthe saidpassages;jg

4. Inan internal co nhustl the 'ceeaaq eleifient srwaaw ichiae cross c a ge;

nhustion,engine, the tubular valve casing 1 combination with a valve casing having sep arate inlet and ekhanst passages there-n x v through, of a slide valve arranged to control; one end of both the saidpassages, nicanstfor;

reciprocating the said slide valve, and a sec-v I ondary valvefor controlling the other end;

of one of the said passa 'esv In an internal comliustion combination with a valvecasing having s ep arate inlet and exhaust passages there- ,thro ngh, of a slide. valve arranged to vcontrol o'neend of both of the said passages, a

en in as a secondary slide valve; for controlling the 5- ineans for reciprocating tl161'Sa1d,YtllVS.

otl'ier'endof one of the said passages, and. i

G, In an internal combustion enginfet thefl comb nation with aqtuhularvalvecasing ,1

having separate inletand exhaust passag'es, a through the walls thereof, of a piston valve a [8'5 arranged within the valve casing to control,

the inner end ofboth .ot the said valve; pas- ,1 sages, means for reciprocating thesmd, pis

-ton valve, andv a tubular secondary gvalve ar-' ranged around the said} tubular va-lvecas-q ing for controlling the outer end ofone of the sa d passages.

through the walls thereof, of a piston valve 7,v In an internal combustion engine theu combination with a, tubular valve cas ng .1 having separate inlet and exhaust passages arranged Within I the said valve casing to; control. the-inner end of both ofthe said pas. sages, a tubular secondary valvearranged around the said tubularwvalvecasing for controlling the outer end, of one of the said passages, and means for ,reciprocating'the saiclvalves.

8.111 an internal con ihustion engine,,the

CUIIiblDZLtlOIIWlth a valvecaslng having-esp ai'ate inlet and exhaust passages, there th rough arranged the one in advance I of the other, of a valve arranged to controloneend of both the said valve assages andi'n'its,

ing thesaid eccentric avithone 'vala e'. q 3 v 9. ln an, internal combustion engine, combination with avalve casing having .arate inlet and cxhaust pussagfe 1 1161-0 through arranged the, ,one,inadvance of the a other, of a valve arrangechto control oneend a of both the said passages and, in ts movel ating outer end of; one of nent to over-ride them successively, sec-; a

of one of the said thereon, and means directly connecting the said cccentrlcs vvlthlithe said valves. i

ondary valve fortcontrolling, theothcr end passages, and valve open means including a shaft, ,QQCQIIUICS 1 0' Inan 'nternal combustion engine-then through of a valve arranged to control one end of both the said valve for controlling the other end ofone of the said passages, and valve operating means including a shaft, eccentrics thereon, and means directly connecting. the said eccentrics with the said valves, one of the said passages, a secondary.

eccentrics being ar 'anged upon the shaft angularly in advance of the other.

ALDEN -E. OSBORN. Witnesses D. HOWARD HAYWOOD, LYMAN S. ANDREWS, Jr. 

